Internet profile service

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for creating and using a domain profile include identifying a status of a first page associated with a domain. The first page is retrieved and additional pages from the domain are identified based on hyperlinks from the first page. The status of the additional pages is identified and the hyperlinks are prioritized based on the status and/or a comparison with predetermined data. Content is extracted from the first page and selected pages from among the additional pages. The specific additional pages may be selected based on the prioritization. The retrieved content may be processed through a signature marker set to determine a contextual match. A purpose of the domain is determined according to the status of the first page, the status of the additional pages and results of the processing of the content. The domain profile can be displayed, stored, sent and/or searched to identify web sites or attributes of interest.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As the number of active web sites on the internet grows, there is an increased demand for organizing and assessing the available content. Search engines have made available information easier for individual users to find and access. Typical search engines may include algorithms that aid in identifying relevant content based on a user's search terms. These may include, for example, taking into account an apparent popularity, based on web traffic, of a particular page with the requested content. However, there are limitations on the capabilities of conventional services that typically download content from a web site, index it, then allow users to search based on the downloaded content.

Understanding the ways in which the Internet is intrinsically organized can be helpful in understanding the challenges related to efficiently utilizing the full scope of information that is accessible via the Internet. The Domain Name System (DNS) is the part of the Internet infrastructure that translates human-readable domain names into the Internet Protocol (IP) numbers needed to establish TCP/IP communication over the Internet. That is, DNS allows users to refer to web sites, and other resources, using easier to remember domain names, such as “www.example.com”, rather than the numeric IP addresses, such as “123.4.56.78”, assigned to computers on the Internet. Each domain name is made up of a series of character strings (labels) separated by dots. The right-most label in a domain name is known as the “top-level domain” (TLD). Examples of well-known TLDs are “.com”; “.net”; “.org.” etc. Each TLD supports second-level domains, listed immediately to the left of the TLD, e.g. the “example” level in “www.example.com”. Each second-level domain can include a number of third-level domains located immediately to the left of the second-level domain, e.g. the “www” level in “www.example.com”. There can be additional level domains as well, with virtually no limitation. For example, a domain with additional domain levels could be “www.photos.example.com”.

It should also be noted that a single IP address, e.g. a single server, can support numerous domain names. That is, different domain names may resolve to the same server, that can then determine what content to provide based on the requested domain name and/or additional non-domain information. This is sometimes referred to as virtual hosting.

Additional non-domain information may be included in a Uniform Resource Identifier (“URI”) structure that includes the domain name. For example, a “path” part is a sequence of segments (conceptually similar to directories, though not necessarily representing them) separated by a forward slash (“/”). This information may be included immediately to the right of the domain name, such as the “blog” in “www.example.com/blog”, and may be used by a server or other receiving device to identify and deliver specific content or run particular code. Other examples of non-domain information may include queries and fragments, the specifics of which are understood by those of ordinary skill in the art and are not discussed in detail herein. Combinations of this information may be included in web page hyperlinks that navigate a user to another section of the same page or to another web page that may be part of the same, or a different, domain.

Related domain names, and content, may be organized in a hierarchical, or nested, manner, such as “www.example.com”; “www.blog.example.com”; “www.example.com/blog”; or “blog.example.com” etc, each with a different significance. Such related domains need not share similarities in the actual IP address to which the various domain names resolve to. In this regard, part of the domain name may signify a particular server which is desired, for example, “mail.example.com” and www.example.com” may resolve to different servers, with different functions, for the same second-level domain.

The responsibility for operating each TLD (including maintaining a registry of the second-level domains within the TLD) is delegated to a particular organization, known as a domain name registry (“registry”). The registry is primarily responsible for converting domain names to IP addresses (“resolving”) through DNS servers that maintain such information in large databases, and operating its top-level domain.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present subject matter can provide benefits in improving the accessibility, and meaningfulness, of domain related content. By taking account of domain features that have not been recognized in a systematic manner, users may search on the attributes of a domain and, in a broader application, a profile may be constructed about a domain's web site using information that can be publically available via DNS servers and web sites. As used herein, domain features may include, but are not limited to, data content that is part of a web page, data content that is linked to a web page, data content that is part of the DNS resolution support architecture of the web page, etc. Thus, given a domain name, associated information such as attributes and characteristics of the web site may be provided based on an expanded search based on the domain name. The associated information may also provide improved search results based on attributes describing the domain and/or the content of the domain. From these profiles, improved analysis of subsets of the available content on the internet may be conducted that can also be used to improve the efficiency and productivity of individual users, business activities, and web content support services in general.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for analyzing a domain. Embodiments may include identifying a status of a first page associated with a domain. Identifying a status may include attempting to resolve a domain name of the first page and, if the domain name fails to resolve, identifying the status of the domain as non-functional. If the domain name resolves, but content is not accessible, the status may be identified as non-accessible.

If the first page is accessible, the content of the first page may then be retrieved. A plurality of additional pages the domain may then be identified based on hyperlinks from the first page. The status of the additional pages may then be identified, as was the status of the first page. That is, identifying a status of the additional pages may include attempting to resolve a domain name or network address of a first additional page, and, if the domain name or network address fails to resolve, the status of the first additional page may be identified as non-functional. If the domain name resolves, but content is not accessible, the status of the first additional page may be identified as non-accessible, and so on with other pages.

Additionally, the hyperlinks may be prioritized based on the status and/or a comparison with predetermined data. For example, character strings within a URI may be predetermined as having particularly high or low significance. Thus, hyperlinks that contain such strings may be prioritized accordingly. Content may be extracted from the first page and selected pages of the plurality of additional pages. Content may include the full range of domain features discussed herein. The selection of specific pages from among the additional pages may be based on their prioritization.

Content of the first page and additional pages may be processed through a set of predetermined or generated data to determine contextual matches among the content. The predetermined or generated data will be referred to as a signature marker set. A signature marker set should be understood as a table of data that correlates known elements with some other subject. For example, known terms may be associated with a frequency with which the term appears on a sampling of domain names. Comparison of a term found on a page against the term's domain frequency may be a first step in processing the term through the signature marker set. In embodiments, this can help to determine the domain profile more accurately by focusing on terms with a low domain frequency, which may be more discriminating than terms with a high domain frequency. The signature marker set may also use techniques to reduce potential term ambiguity. For example, content may be compared against predetermined data that represents known associations of multiple data content. This can include known textual associations, known data-type associations, and various combinations of like data that is included in domain features. Therefore, the significance of a first object may be more accurately determined by identification of a second associated object in the domain features. As indicated above, domain features can include data from, or linked to, the webpage itself, or DNS information such as the IP address or URI.

Based on the contextual matches, the status of the first page, and the status of the additional pages, a purpose of the domain may be determined. Embodiments may include wherein the content includes executable code embedded in the first page or the additional pages, and the signature marker set is configured to determine a contextual match within the executable code. Embodiments may also include wherein the content includes image, video and audio information embedded in the first page or the additional pages, and the signature marker set is configured to determine a contextual match within the image, video and audio information.

Once determined, the domain purpose may be used in a number of different ways, including searching, displaying, storing and/or sending the determined purpose of the domain. Embodiments may include identifying and retrieving related domains based on the determined status and purpose of the domain.

Embodiments may include determining the purpose of the domain based on at least one of a determined domain name, a registrar reseller marker, an absence of a specified data type, an alternate publisher of the pages, a social community identifier, and a data type, in the content.

Embodiments may also include identifying one or more domains based on their purposes. A category of the identified domains may then be determined that is distinct from the respective purposes of the domains. Related domains may then be identified and retrieved based on the determined purpose and categories of the domain.

Embodiments may include following hyperlinks from the first page by traversing redirects to an https version of the web page.

Embodiments may also include receiving an input set of domains from a user; identifying attributes that are common amongst the input domains from among the contextually thatched content; and outputting the identified attributes to the user.

Embodiments may include receiving an input set of purposes and/or categories from a user; identifying domains that correspond to the input set of purposes and/or categories; and outputting the identified domains to the user.

Embodiments may include performing the described methods in an iterative manner on a range of domains and compiling the results of a historical analysis of the relevant domain space.

Embodiments of the present invention can also include systems for implementing the described methods, as well as computer-readable storage medium coded with instructions for causing a computer to execute the described methods. For example, an electronic system including a processor, a memory and an electronic communication device may be configured to identify a status of a first page associated with a domain, and retrieve the first page, via the electronic communication device; identify a plurality of additional pages from the domain based on hyperlinks from the first page; identify a status of the additional pages via the electronic communication device; prioritize the hyperlinks based on a comparison with predetermined data; extract content from the first page and at least one page of the plurality of additional pages via the electronic communication device, the at least one page of the plurality of additional pages selected based on the prioritization; process the content through a signature marker set to determine a contextual match; determine a purpose of the domain according to the status of the first page, the status of the additional pages and results of the processing of the content; and at least one of display, store and send the determined purpose of the domain.

Further advantages of the present subject matter will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary web page, and related content, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 graphically depicts an exemplary layered data resolution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 graphically depicts an exemplary process flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 depicts aspects of an exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention can help a user, web content provider and/or registry understand how domain names are purposed. A holistic view of on-line activity by industry segment can be constructed to improve understanding of the online environment and to complement other micro-analytic tools. Thus, the systems and methods described herein may generate results that can provide domain site-purposed data.

Given a domain name, the described systems and methods can derive attributes/characteristics about the web site accessible through the domain name. The service can also allow users to search for domains based on criteria that may include several attributes describing the domain or the content on the domain. Embodiments can use information contained in publicly available DNS Servers and content available in publicly available websites to build a profile about a domain's web site.

Embodiments can collect and provide different types of data associated with a domain in a layered fashion, for example as depicted in FIG. 1. Embodiments can determine a domain status by attempting to load a web page, and determining a domain purpose and domain categories by collecting textual, or other, data from a website and passing it through a signature marker set.

The systems and methods attempt to collect information regarding the following exemplary attributes with respect to a domain's websites: Domain Status; Domain Purpose; Domain Categories; Domain Traffic, Domain Key Terms, Domain Property/Features/Function, and Domain Content. These attributes are described further below. Through the described data collection and analysis, embodiments of the present invention can also provide an improved directory of TLDs, such as the .com and net TLDs, and an overview of their use for website hosting. For example, by determining domain profiles for all, or a subset, of the domains within a TLD, an improved directory can be created that classifies the relevant domains according to patterns that exist across the domain-space, rather than categories that are determined and applied according to individual web page content. This may provide previously unrecognized advantages in managing various levels of internet architecture and services. For example, by determining a status, purpose and categories of a domain, rather than individual web pages alone, individual users, content providers and registries are able to better appreciate the relevance of content and recognize patterns that directly relate to marketing and other significant aspects of the various uses of the Internet.

The following exemplary method is described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. As depicted in FIG. 2, the method may begin with step S1000, in which a status of a first page is determined. Domain status generally relates to whether and how a domain resolves. For example, it can be determined whether there is a web server associated with the domain, and, if so, whether the web server can be contacted. Further information may include if there are any specifically identified web server errors. For example, a domain name is input and transmitted to a DNS server to attempt to resolve the domain name. If the domain name fails to resolve, the status of the domain may be determined as non-functional. If the domain name resolves, but content is not accessible, the status may be identified as non-accessible. Other status identifiers are also possible.

Domain Status may indicate the operational status of the associated website, e.g. active, HTTP error, etc. The domain status may indicate whether a website is accessible from a particular domain, and if not, at what stage attempting to access that website fails. Access failures may include error codes assigned to the domain web site such as those indicated in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Domain Status Status Title Status Description Does Not Exist No name servers found. Name Server Error The Name server cannot translate the domain request into internet (IP) address. Name Server The Name Server does not respond in a designated Timeout period of time, or after a designated number of attempts. HTTP Error 4XX The webservers are responding with a content error. HTTP Error 5XX The webservers are responding with a server error Robots Disallowed The server is denying crawlers access Cannot Contact The webservers are not responding Host Unknown Web The servers are responding with an unknown Error error message Ok The server is reachable and responding with content

If one or more queries of the domain results in an non-functional or otherwise inaccessible error, the method proceeds at step S1010 to step S1700, where a purpose of the domain is determined based on the determined status. For example, a status code, such as a name server error, may be used to determine a general non-functional purpose, or a more specific non-functional purpose related to the error code.

If the domain name resolves, but results in a redirection, this may be included in determining the status of the domain. For example, the status may be determined to be a “redirect” domain, without active content.

If the web server for the domain name is successfully connected to, and does not result in being redirected, the content of a first page 500, an example of which is depicted in FIG. 3, may then be retrieved in step S1100.

In step S1100 content from the first page, e.g. elements 502, 504, 506, and 508, is retrieved. This content can be in various forms known to those of skill in the art, including, for example, text, multimedia, hyperlink, or other executable code. By way of example, elements 502, 504 and 506 may be web page buttons that activate hyperlinks to web pages 510, 520 and 530 respectively. Element 508 may be text, image, or other multimedia data content. The content may be used for at least two purposes described herein. One purpose can be to identify any other pages that are associated with the first page, for example, accessible through the first page, based on hyperlinks embedded in the first page, e.g. elements 502, 504, 506. This function may be performed in step S1200. That is, a plurality of additional pages, e.g. 510, 520, 530, may be identified based on hyperlinks detected in the first page. It should be noted that although exemplary pages 510, 520 and 530 share a same second level domain, other pages that are associated with, e.g. hyperlinked from, page 500 need not necessarily share the same domain. Another purpose of the content can be to assist in determining the purpose of the domain, which is discussed further below. The method continues with step S1300.

In step S1300, the status of the additional pages, e.g. 510, 520, 530, may be identified. Identifying a status of the additional pages may include attempting to resolve a domain name or network address of a first additional page, and, if the domain name or network address fails to resolve, the status of the first additional page may be identified as non-functional. If the domain name resolves, but content is not accessible, the status of the first additional page may be identified as functional, but non-accessible. Other status identifiers are also possible, as discussed above with respect to determining the status of the first page 500. The method continues with step S1400.

In step S1400, the identified hyperlinks and associated additional web pages may be prioritized based on a comparison with predetermined data. For example, hyperlink data, including domain, and non-domain URI information, may be compared to predetermined markers, such as lists of significant keywords, strings or other values, that suggest desired content. The structure of the hyperlink data may also be analyzed as part of the process to recognize patterns of information, e.g. particular nesting formats etc. As a result, a prioritized list of the identified hyperlinks may be produced.

A user may select the particular markers to use in order to customize the prioritization. This may include presenting the user with a list of markers that have been recognized in the identified hyperlink data, and allowing the user to select among these markers. To further assist the user, the user may be provided with optional additional information relevant to the recognized markers. For example, each of the recognized markers may be given a quantitative or qualitative value that assists the user in evaluating which markers are of most significance to the user or the domain in question. For example, the user may have a particular interest in certain identified markers, or a set of markers may appear to be more relevant based on a quantitative value of the presence of the marker in the hyperlink data. Thus, the user may select from the markers based on additional predetermined information relating to the particular markers that is presented to the user. This can provide benefits in identifying more pertinent webpages from which to extract content from as part of the domain profiling. The method continues with step S1500.

In step S1500, additional content may be extracted from the first page 500, such as content 508, if needed, and content may be extracted from selected pages of the plurality of additional pages. The selection of specific pages from among the additional pages may be based on their prioritization. For example, if additional pages 510, 520 and 530 are prioritized such that page 530 is lowest in priority, content may only be gathered from pages 510 and 520. In embodiments, page 530 could be designated as low priority based on the text string “mail” within the domain name. This may conserve resources and also lead to more accurate results in later steps by identifying the most relevant additional pages and content. The type of content gathered may also be determined based on parameters of the signature marker set discussed further below. For example, text content may be all the data needed if the signature marker set is configured for text only. This discrimination may also provide efficiency in large-scale data gathering and analysis. If the signature marker set is configured to process multiple data types, this may improve the overall accuracy of the analysis.

Following the hyperlink data from the first page may also include traversing redirects. For example, hyperlink data may not resolve directly to another web page, but instead may require at least one redirect. Thus, the “additional pages” may be indirectly linked or associated with the first page. This may also include traversing redirects to an https version of the web page. The method continues with step S1600.

In step S1600, the content gathered from the first page and the additional pages may be processed through a signature marker set to determine contextual matches among the content. As discussed above, a signature marker set may include linked data elements that provide a contextual match, or significance, for one of the data elements. By identifying contextual matches of the content gathered, appropriate weight may be given to the significance of various portions of the content. For example, while the term “Ford” is an automobile manufacturer, it is also a common surname, and, by itself, is of uncertain significance. This may result in improperly considering or disregarding this term as part of web page content. Term disambiguation may require “Ford” and other identified automotive terms to be within close proximity for the use of the term “Ford” to be considered related to the automotive class. N-gram models are a type of probabilistic model for predicting the next item in a sequence. N-grams are used in various areas of statistical natural language processing and genetic sequence analysis, and may be applied to the present subject matter to refine the content processing described herein. For example, an n-gram model predicts x_(i) based on x_(i-1), x_(i-2), . . . , x_(i-n). As described above with respect to the markers used for prioritizing the hyperlink data and additional pages, the method may allow the user to select the desired association from among identified associations. For example, the user may identify certain identified contextual matches as valid, and other contextual matches as invalid, or to be ignored. Additionally, the methods may assist the user in identifying the significance of contextual matches by providing additional quantitative or qualitative information in conjunction with the contextual matches. Thus, automated methods may be used to assess the weight given to the contextual matches, as in the case of predetermined signature marker sets that are automatically applied to extracted content, or may assist the user in doing so, as in cases where the user is allowed to accept, weight or rejects identified contextual matches.

With respect to the signature marker set, the particular types of data that are processed from the content are not limited to text or other specific data. For example, embodiments may include wherein the content includes executable code embedded in the first page or the additional pages, and the signature marker set is configured to determine a contextual match within the executable code, or within results of the executable code. Embodiments may also include wherein the content includes image, video and/or audio information embedded in the first page or the additional pages, and the signature marker set is configured to determine a contextual match within any of the image, video and audio information. For example, there may be contextual matches amongst various audio data such as pattern recognition results, audio type, audio length, or any number of related attributes. A large number of similarly patterned audio information may be a strong indicator of a particular type of web page, e.g. directed to a particular musical artist's content, and thus be of particular significance.

In the case of both the hyperlink markers and the signature marker set, a Marker Performance Report may be included to provide improved performance. For example, a user may be presented with a qualitative assessment of the performance of individual markers. Alternatively, or in conjunction with the automated assessment, the user may independently assess and rank the effectiveness of the markers. Therefore, the system may ensure that the markers used are effective by providing a report on the marker performance, and allowing for changes in the use of the markers. The report may be presented to a user, who may implement changes, or the system may be automated to discard poorly performing markers such as those that fall below a certain threshold. After processing the content, the method continues with step S1700.

In step S1700, a purpose of the domain may be determined based on the status of the first page, the statuses of any additional pages, and any results of the contextual matching. Domain purpose can relate to the theme or overall meaning or intended use or uses of the content associated with the domain. The purpose may reflect an apparent reason for which a domain is used. In the case of domains that fail to resolve, or return other access errors, the purpose may be that the domain is not being used, or is restricted. Other identified purposes may include Pay Per Click (PPC) Parking, Purposed, Masked Redirection, Redirection, Blogging etc. as detailed in table 2 below.

The results of the contextual matches can be particularly effective in determining specialized purposes of active domains. The accuracy of this assessment is improved by the additional analysis of the prioritized additional pages. Thus, functioning web sites may be assigned non-exclusive purpose codes such as those identified in Table 2 and any other suitable codes to designate other purposes.

TABLE 2 Purpose Title Description Blocked The domain does not allow robots to crawl. PPC Purposed Domain names registered for the sole intent to drive advertising traffic (by the operator or registrant of the domain). PPC Parked Existing domain name that has not been set up by the end user registrant and the registrar has repurposed the parked name to drive revenue traffic. Parked The domain name is using a traditional registrar parking with no advertising links. Under Construction The domain name is under construction with no advertising links. Redirected The domain redirects to another domain. Masked Redirected The domain is displaying only content from another site Adult The domain is displaying content meant for adults-only Company/Organization The domain name is being used to provide information about a company or organization. Blog The domain name is used primarily for blogging. News The domain is aggregating and displaying news E-Commerce The domain is being used to sell products online Forum The domain is primarily used to discuss various related topics by users Social Networking The domain is primarily used to facilitate brining like-minded individuals together

Additional information may also be included in the purpose determination. For example, measures of domain traffic, such as statistics primarily from a DNS Traffic Processor, may be included to assess whether a web site is an authentic retail site. Domain key terms, such as heading, title and description, may also be given specified weights in addition to the contextual match weight factor described above. Domain properties, features, and/or functions indicating whether common features are present on the website and additional pages may be used in determining a purpose, such as blogging, retail, etc.

It may also be advantageous to consider technical details of the content in determining the purpose. For example, identifying what type of technology the websites use, e.g. mail servers associated with the domain, cookies, multimedia, SSL certificates to secure data, etc., can provide indications of purpose, such as retail versus personal or other purposes. Additional technical data beyond specific content may also be indicative, such as the average time to render the content on the relevant pages, geographical location of the web server, etc.

Embodiments may include determining the purpose of the domain based on at least one of a determined domain name, a registrar reseller marker, an absence of a specified data type, an alternate publisher of the pages, a social community identifier, and a data type, in the content. That is, the presence, or absence, of particular content, such as that listed above, may have independent significance in establishing an overall purpose of the domain. Examples may include indications of advertiser information, or the lack thereof, or data types such as image data, or the lack thereof. Once the domain purpose is determined, the method continues with step S1800.

In step S1800, a category of the domain may be determined that is distinct from the respective purposes of the domain. A Domain Category may reflect a category associated with a business segment related to the content on the site. This may involve determining to which categories the content from the first page and the additional pages belongs. For example, the Domain Category may place the domain into a system of business classification taxonomy in conformance with the North American Industry Classification System. Table 3 is a partial list of exemplary categories, which may include an assigned prioritization of the categories within the category code.

TABLE 3 Category Detail Terms in Code General Category the Category Segment 1 Pharmaceutical 1A Drug Stores 1B Drugs/medicine 1C Pharmacy 2 Fitness 2A Exercise Yoga 2B Diet & Diets Meals Nutrition 2C Services 2D Review sites

The information used to determine the Domain Category may include the content obtained from the first page and the additional pages, and may even be the same content used to determine the Domain Purpose. However, the significance attributed to various information may be different in each process. For example, as discussed above, the presence of “Ford” with other contextual corporate-related information may be used to determine a COMPANY/ORGANIZATION purpose of the web page. The presence of the same information “Ford” with other automotive information may also be used to determine a Domain Category in the automotive arts.

As with the determination of Domain Purpose, the Domain Classification is not limited to the content of a particular web page. Rather, the Domain Classification may be derived from the content of the first page and the prioritized additional pages, to arrive at a comprehensive classification of the domain. Embodiments may also include identifying one or more domains based on their purposes before performing the classification of the domains. This may provide advantages in accurately categorizing such domains into a classification, with or without user interaction.

As discussed embodiments of the present invention, the features of a Domain Purpose and Domain Categories can be distinct. That is, Domain Purpose may include the purpose of the website associated with the domain, e.g., news, blog, parked, etc. The Domain Purpose can be the primary purpose of a domain's website. This purpose can relate to the content of the particular website, and not necessarily the company owning it. That is, the corporate website of a given company can have a different purpose than, for example, a promotional blogging site for the company.

After the Domain Categories are determined, the exemplary method may proceed at step S1900 with at least one of storing the results to a computer-readable storage medium, displaying the results to a user, or otherwise electronically communicating the results to a requestor over an electronic communication network. Embodiments may further include performing targeted searches within the saved data, and/or performing the described methods in an iterative manner on a range of domains and compiling the results for historical analysis of the relevant domain space, as discussed further below.

FIG. 4 depicts an example of a high-level process flow for a monthly iterative cycle in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. It consists generally of inputs 610, components 620, and outputs 630. Additional tools 690 may also be included. Such additional tools may assist a user in performing various selections/inputs 610, e.g. prioritizing identified hyperlinks, terms etc. The inputs may include, for example, a zone file 612, a Signature Marker Set 614 and a Training Set 618. In embodiments, a user may input or select, items within the signature marker set 614 and/or the training set 618. The Components may include a Web Crawler 622 and an Analyzer 624. The Analyzer can be functionally split into to Categorization 626 and Classification 628 parts. A registry 616 may maintain the various processes (inputs, components and output), and implement them on a designated portion of web space 650 in order to better understand relevant online activity by industry segment. For example, the registry may collect all the DNS traffic from a given server. Data for all sub-domain names for a TLD may be collected periodically and kept for a period of time in file storage 632. Reports 634 may also be generated based on a method including the training set 616 working in cooperation with the additional tools 690 to process information from the designated portion of web space 650. This can provide a DNS traffic value, and Domain Status, Purpose and Categories for each domain name over a period of time and provide access to information that has not been available in the past.

Embodiments may also include receiving as part of a query in step S2000 an input set of domains from a user for analysis. The system may automatically identify attributes that are common amongst the input domains. These attributes may be from among the contextually matched content or other gathered information. The results of this analysis may include outputting the identified common attributes to the user in step S2100. This capability may provide advantages such as being able to automatically identify common purpose-related attributes of domains, including the additional identified pages.

Embodiments may also include receiving as part of a query in step S2000 an input set of purposes and/or categories, e.g. from a user. Domains that correspond to the input set of purposes and/or categories, based on the described methods, may be identified, and the identified domains output to the user in step S2100. This capability may be advantageous in providing improved classification and identification of relevant information and/or domains that would not be possible merely from conventional methods of analyzing web page content. The described methods can provide for prioritizing and parsing downloaded content, identify and collect significant attributes about the domain, including various categorizations of direct and indirect content, and can allow users or administrators to search based on the attributes of the domain.

Additional details regarding an exemplary process flow are provided in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the process may start at S600 and proceed to S610, where a target zone file is obtained. For example, the target zone may be a designated domain as discussed herein. The method proceeds to S620.

In S620, the process attempts to connect to the target zone, which may be a designated domain. Different types of errors may result based on the attempt to connect to the target zone. For example, there may be a lame delegation, in which the DNS server is inoperable. If no DNS is identified, or other errors similar to those described above occur at S620, the method proceeds to S624, which is referred to as a “No DNS” error. Based on this determination, a status may be reported at S680.

If the attempt to connect to the target zone is successful, the method continues to S630. A successful attempt may include a requested domain name being resolved by the DNS server to an IP address. However, there are errors that can occur at the web server level that may prohibit obtaining content from the requested address. For example, in S634, a server error may be identified, such as the name server timing out, or otherwise indicating an error associated with the server in response to the request to connect to the IP address. If a server error is indicated at S634, the method may proceed to S680 where the error may be reported.

If a server is found by the server during S630, the method may proceed to S640-648, where various responses may be received based on the attempt to crawl the designated web site or address. This may include an indication that the requested domain does not have an active web site, as in S640. There may also be an error with the web server responsible for the website that is indicated after the server is found, as in S642. The server or website may also restrict the ability of the web crawler to retrieve content, as in S644, or redirect the web crawler to another site, as in S646. These, and other responses that represent less than full access to the content of the web site, may be reported in S680.

If the web site is accessed and content is available, the method may proceed to S648, where content from the web site is recognized as found. As described further herein, once content from a web site, or target domain, is found, the method may continue by accessing and analyzing the found content, as in S660. The results of the content retrieval and/or analysis may be reported in S680.

The methodology depicted in FIG. 6 can thus result in a number of various reports in S680 depending on the extent to which the method progresses through the steps of attempting to access the target zone. Some of these may reflect non-functional status of a domain, as in the case of DNS or web server errors, or additional status, purpose and categories depending on the amount and type of information, including content, obtained during the process.

Embodiments of the present invention can include systems for implementing the described methods, as well as computer-readable storage medium coded with instructions for causing a computer to execute the described methods. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, an electronic system 100 including a processor, a memory and an electronic communication device may be configured to identify a status of a first page associated with a domain via DNS server 140. The system 100 may be represent a user computer system, wireless communication devices such as 120, 170, subnetworks such as 130, 190, a server, or any other network-capable device with the requisite functional capabilities. System 100 may operate as part of, or separate from, a DNS server associated with a registry.

The first page may be received by the system 100 from server 150 via the electronic communication network 170, such as the internet. The system 100 may identify a plurality of additional pages from the domain based on hyperlinks from the first page. The system 100 may then identify a status of the additional pages via the DNS server 140. The system 100 may also prioritize the hyperlinks based on a comparison with predetermined data, as discussed above. Content from the first page and at least one page of the plurality of additional pages may be extracted via the servers 150, 160, for example from web-hosting servers. The system 100 may then process the content through a signature marker set, that is stored on or otherwise electronically accessed by the system 10Q, to determine a contextual match.

The system 100 can further determine a purpose of the domain according to the status of the first page, the status of the additional pages and results of the processing the content. The system 100 may receive the various user inputs described above, such as selecting identified web pages from which to extract data content, selecting terms, and The results of the described processing performed by system 100 can be displayed, stored and/or sent according to known techniques.

The system 100 includes any number of processors (not shown) that are coupled to storage devices including a first storage (not shown, typically a random access memory, or “RAM”), second storage (not shown, typically a read only memory, or “ROM”). Both of these storage devices may include any suitable type of the computer-readable media described and/or mentioned above. A mass storage device (not shown) may also be used to store programs, data and the like and is typically a secondary storage medium, such as a hard disk that is slower than primary storage. It will be appreciated that the information retained within the mass storage device, may, in appropriate cases, be incorporated in standard manner as part of primary storage as virtual memory. A specific mass storage device such as a CD-ROM may also pass data uni-directionally to the processor.

The system 100 may also include an interface that includes one or more input/output devices such as such as video monitors, track balls, mice 104, keyboards, microphones, touch-sensitive displays, transducer card readers, magnetic or paper tape readers, tablets, styluses, voice or handwriting recognizers, or other known input devices, including other computers 110. The system 100 may be coupled to a computer or other electronic communication network 170, 180 using a network connection as shown generally at 101. The network can connect various wired, optical, electronic and other known networks to exchange information among computers 110, servers 160, wireless communication devices 120, 170 and sub-networks 190, 130. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the system 100 and the processor therein may receive information from the network, or may output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps. The above-described devices and materials will be familiar to those of skill in the computer hardware and software arts and need not be individually or exhaustively depicted to be understood by those of skill in the art. The hardware elements described above may be configured (usually temporarily) to act as one or more modules for performing the operations described above.

In addition, embodiments of the present invention further include computer-readable storage media that include program instructions for performing various computer-implemented operations. The media may also include, alone or in combination with the program instructions, data files, data structures, tables, and the like. The media and program instructions may be those specially designed and constructed for the purposes of the present subject matter, or they may be of the kind available to those having skill in the computer software arts. Examples of computer-readable storage media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media such as floptical disks; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter.

The invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments. Modifications and alterations of the described embodiments may be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a reading and understanding of this specification. The present invention is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims, or the equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a domain profile, comprising: determining, using a processor, a purpose associated with a first domain by accessing a first web page associated with the first domain, wherein the determining comprises: determining whether content is obtainable by resolving the first domain and accessing the first web page; in response to determining that content is obtainable, determining whether the first web page results in a redirection; in response to determining that the first web page does not result in a redirection, determining whether retrieved content of the first web page is content from another web page; comparing the retrieved content with predetermined data to determine contextual matches; in response to determining that the retrieved content is not content from another web page, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose associated with the first domain is to receive advertising traffic; and in response to determining that the purpose of the first domain is not to receive advertising traffic, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose of the first domain is commercial; determining, based on the contextual matches, a category associated with the first domain, wherein the category associated with the first domain is distinct from the purpose associated with the first domain and defines a commercial sector of the first domain; and storing, in a memory, the purpose associated with the first domain and the category associated with the first domain.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including: retrieving, from the first web page, at least one hyperlink corresponding to one or more subsequent web pages; determining a purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages; extracting content from the first web page and content from the one or more subsequent web pages; identifying contextual matches that exist in the content that is extracted from the first web page and the content that is extracted from the one or more subsequent web pages based on a table of predetermined associated data elements; determining a second purpose of the first domain based on the purpose of the first web page, the purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages, and the contextual matches that are identified; determining, based on the contextual matches that are identified, a second category associated with the first domain; and storing, in the memory, the second purpose that is determined and the second category associated with the first domain, wherein the category is different than the second category.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further including: comparing the at least one hyperlink retrieved from the first web page with predetermined data; prioritizing the at least one hyperlink based on the comparing; and selecting a web page of the one or more subsequent web pages based on the prioritization of the at least one hyperlink.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including: identifying one or more sub-domains based on the purpose of the first domain; determining a respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains; determining a category associated with the one or more sub-domains; and storing, in the memory, the respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains and the category associated with the one or more sub-domains.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the determining the category associated with the one or more sub-domains comprises: identifying one or more sub-domain web pages associated with the one or more sub-domains; determining a respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more sub-domain web pages; and determining the category associated with the one or more sub-domains based on the respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more sub-domain web pages.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including: receiving at least one of a purpose and a category from a user; adding the first domain to a list of identified domains based on a determination that the at least one of a purpose and a category from the user corresponds to at least one of the purpose and the category associated with the first domain; and outputting the list of identified domains to the user.
 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method for generating a domain profile, comprising: determining a purpose associated with a first domain by accessing a first web page associated with the first domain, wherein the determining comprises: determining whether content is obtainable by resolving the first domain and accessing the first web page; in response to determining that content is obtainable, determining whether the first web page results in a redirection; in response to determining that the first web page does not result in a redirection, determining whether retrieved content of the first web page is content from another web page; comparing the retrieved content with predetermined data to determine contextual matches; in response to determining that the retrieved content is not content from another web page, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose associated with the first domain is to receive advertising traffic; and in response to determining that the purpose of the first domain is not to receive advertising traffic, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose of the first domain is commercial; determining, based on the contextual matches, a category associated with the first domain, wherein the category associated with the first domain is distinct from the purpose associated with the first domain and defines a commercial sector of the first domain; and storing, in a memory, the purpose associated with the first domain and the category associated with the first domain.
 8. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, the method further including: retrieving, from the first web page, at least one hyperlink corresponding to one or more subsequent web pages; determining a purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages; extracting content from the first web page and content from the one or more subsequent web pages; identifying contextual matches that exist in the content that is extracted from the first web page and the content that is extracted from the one or more subsequent web pages based on a table of predetermined associated data elements; determining a second purpose of the first domain based on the purpose of the first web page, the purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages, and the contextual matches that are identified; determining, based on the contextual matches that are identified, a second category associated with the first domain; and storing, in the memory, the second purpose that is determined and the second category associated with the first domain, wherein the category is different than the second category.
 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, the method further including: comparing the at least one hyperlink retrieved from the first web page with predetermined data; prioritizing the at least one hyperlink based on the comparing; and selecting a web page of the one or more subsequent web pages based on the prioritization of the at least one hyperlink.
 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, the method further including: identifying one or more sub-domains based on the purpose of the first domain; determining a respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains; determining a category associated with the one or more sub-domains; and storing, in the memory, the respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains and the category associated with the one or more sub-domains.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the determining the category associated with the one or more sub-domains comprises: identifying one or more subsequent web pages associated with the one or more sub-domains; determining a respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more subsequent web pages; and determining the category associated with the one or more sub-domains based on the respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more subsequent web pages.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, the method further including: receiving at least one of a purpose and a category from a user; adding the first domain to a list of identified domains based on a determination that the at least one of a purpose and a category from the user corresponds to at least one of the purpose and the category associated with the first domain; and outputting the list of identified domains to the user.
 13. An apparatus comprising: a memory storing data and instructions; and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the instructions, causing the processor to: determine a purpose associated with a first domain by accessing a first web page associated with the first domain, wherein the determining comprises: determining whether content is obtainable by resolving the first domain and accessing the first web page; in response to determining that content is obtainable, determining whether the first web page results in a redirection; in response to determining that the first web page does not result in a redirection, determining whether retrieved content of the first web page is content from another web page; comparing the retrieved content with predetermined data to determine contextual matches; in response to determining that the retrieved content is not content from another web page, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose associated with the first domain is to receive advertising traffic; and in response to determining that the purpose of the first domain is not to receive advertising traffic, determining, based on the contextual matches, whether the purpose of the first domain is commercial; determine, based on the contextual matches, a category associated with the first domain, wherein the category associated with the first domain is distinct from the purpose associated with the first domain and defines a commercial sector of the first domain; and store, in the memory, the purpose associated with the first domain and the category associated with the first domain.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to: retrieve, from the first web page, at least one hyperlink corresponding to one or more subsequent web pages; determine a purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages; extract content from the first web page and content from the one or more subsequent web pages; identify contextual matches that exist in the content that is extracted from the first web page and the content that is extracted from the one or more subsequent web pages based on a table of predetermined associated data elements; determine a second purpose of the first domain based on the purpose of the first web page, the purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages, and the contextual matches that are identified; determine, based on the contextual matches that are identified, a second category associated with the first domain; and store, in the memory, the second purpose that is determined and the second category associated with the first domain, wherein the category is different than the second category.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to: compare the at least one hyperlink retrieved from the first web page with predetermined data; prioritize the at least one hyperlink based on the comparing; and select a web page of the one or more subsequent web pages based on the prioritization of the at least one hyperlink.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to: identify one or more sub-domains based on the purpose of the first domain; determine a respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains; determine a category associated with the one or more sub-domains; and store, in the memory, the respective purpose associated with the one or more sub-domains and the category associated with the one or more sub-domains.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein when the processor is configured to determine the category associated with the one or more sub-domains, the processor is further configured to: identify one or more sub-domain web pages associated with the one or more sub-domains; determine a respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more sub-domain web pages; and determine the category associated with the one or more sub-domains based on the respective purpose corresponding to each of the one or more sub-domain web pages.
 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to: receive at least one of a purpose and a category from a user; add the first domain to a list of identified domains based on a determination that the at least one of a purpose and a category from the user corresponds to at least one of the purpose and the category associated with the first domain; and output the list of identified domains to the user.
 19. A computer-implemented method for generating a domain profile, comprising: determining, using a processor, a purpose associated with a first domain, wherein the determining comprises: determining whether content is obtainable by resolving the first domain and accessing the first web page; in response to determining that content is obtainable, determining whether the first web page results in a redirection; in response to determining that the first web page does not result in a redirection, determining whether retrieved content of the first web page is content from another web page, wherein the retrieved content comprises at least one hyperlink corresponding to one or more subsequent web page; comparing the retrieved content with predetermined data to determine first contextual matches; determining a purpose of the one or more subsequent web pages, wherein the determining comprises determining whether content is obtainable by accessing the one or more subsequent web page; in response to determining that content is obtainable from the one or more subsequent web page, determining whether the one or more subsequent web page results in a redirection; in response to determining that the one or more subsequent web page does not result in a redirection, determining whether retrieved content of the one or more subsequent web page is content from another web page; comparing the retrieved content of the one or more subsequent web page with predetermined data to determine second contextual matches; in response to determining that the retrieved content of the first web page and the retrieved content of the one or more subsequent web page are not content from another web page, determining, based on the first contextual matches and the second contextual matches, whether the purpose associated with the first domain is to receive advertising traffic; and in response to determining that the purpose of the first domain is not to receive advertising traffic, determining, based on the first contextual matches and the second contextual matches, whether the purpose of the first domain is commercial; determining, based on the first contextual matches and the second contextual matches, a category associated with the first domain, wherein the category associated with the first domain is distinct from the purpose associated with the first domain and defines a commercial sector of the first domain; and storing, in a memory, the purpose of the first domain that is determined.
 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, further including: identifying one or more sub-domains based on the purpose of the first domain; determining a purpose associated with each of the one or more sub-domains based on the one or more subsequent web page that are respectively associated with each of the one or more sub-domains; determining, based on the purpose associated with the each of the one or more sub-domains, a category associated with the each of the one or more sub-domains; and storing, in the memory, the respective purpose associated with the each of the one or more sub-domains and the category associated with the each of the one or more sub-domains.
 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, further comprising: receiving at least one of a purpose and a category from a user; adding the first domain to a list of identified domains based on a determination that the at least one of a purpose and a category from the user corresponds to at least one of the purpose and the category associated with the first domain; and outputting the list of identified domains to the user. 